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来源：凤凰彩票官方2024-10-22 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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苏黎世学习札记******

　　葛宣哲（右一）与苏黎世大学同学合影。作者供图

　　来苏黎世求学已有4个月，宁静、美丽是这座城市留给我的主要印象。在苏黎世，高耸入云的摩天大楼并不常见，取而代之的是三、四层古朴精致小楼。即便身处市中心，也少有喧嚣感，郊区则更为安静，景色宜人。苏黎世曾被评为“全球最宜居的城市之一”，我想它的魅力就在于蕴都市风光于自然山水之间。

　　我本科在苏州大学就读，现在在苏黎世大学学经济，有时我会和朋友开玩笑说，自己本硕都是“苏大”的。苏黎世有两所闻名遐迩的学府——苏黎世大学和苏黎世联邦理工学院。他们毗邻而建，建筑风格颇为相似，主楼是圆弧穹顶，室内随处可见欧式雕塑和柱式拱门。两所学校不仅地理位置相邻，学习资源也连在一起，每学期我可以注册为隔壁苏黎世联邦理工学院的学生以选修课程。留学至此，学校优质的课程、雄厚的师资以及对学生颇高的学习要求令我受益匪浅。

　　学期初，我申请进入了金融系的一个项目，它给学生提供将投资理论运用到真实市场的学习机会。我被录用在项目的宏观组，从中接受了高质量的训练，帮助我加深了对专业的理解。学习的日子相当充实，即便我失去了周末的娱乐时间也是值得的。

　　瑞士的官方语言为德语、法语、意大利语和罗曼什语，我所在的苏黎世属于德语区。有趣的是，大部分当地人都会说英语，而且说得非常流利。

　　这4个月以来，无论是学习还是生活，我只用英语便可应对自如。不过，据我观察，大部分工作岗位还是会将德语或法语流利作为录取的必要条件，多语种沟通在这里较常见。

　　每一个中国留学生似乎都能在外练就厨艺。在饮食方面，苏黎世本地餐食价格偏贵，口味也不符合我的“中国胃”，于是自己做饭便成了我日常生活的一部分，这既节省费用又能锻炼我的厨艺。

　　碰上有集体活动的时候，我会和朋友去本地中餐馆吃一顿，有几家餐馆味道正宗，能满足我们的味蕾。

　　刚到苏黎世时，我还在适应环境，期间有些许焦虑。4个月过去，我已经能沉下心来明确目标、专注向前，对自己未来的留学生活多了一份自信与从容。

　　（作者：葛宣哲,系苏黎世大学经济学专业硕士生）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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